Fluid-power hammer



' "5.1. FRITSCH- AND R. w. NAZEL.

- FLUID POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATIO" FILED OCT. 13 1919- I Pziztentedsept. 19, 1922.

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LED 0 J. FRITSCHAND R. W. NAZEL.

FLUID'POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION r| CT. 13. 1919.

1,429,421 fl e sept- 19,1922,

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FLUID POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED ocT. 13,1919.

' 4 9 421 Y I PatentedSept. 19, 1922.

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warren stares marm- 1,429,421," r itlr EDWARD J. rnrrscn A D RALPH w. NAZEL, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA;

SAID rnrrsorr ASSIGNOR TO SAID NAZEL. 1

FLUID-rowan HAMMER.

Application filed October 13,1919. Serial .No. 330,4?7'.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be itknownthat we, EDWARD J. F RITSCH andRALPH W. NAZEL, citizens of the United States, and residents ofxthe city of, Phila delphia, in the'county of Philadelphia'anu State of Pennsylvania, have jointly invented certain Improvements in Fluid-Power Hammers, of I which the following is a specication.

This invention is designed'toprovide an improved pneumatic liammer having means comprising peculiar valve mechanism'tor securing greater flexibility of operation and greater-efficiency.

In its preferred construction, it comprises a Work cylinder provided at its top with'a cushioning chamber. of smaller cross-section than the cylinder, a ram having a piston working in said cylinder and a cushioning plug fitting said chamber, a power cylinder, a piston acting in said power cylinder, a cylindrical valve chamber between said cylinders, passages, connecting said valve chamber with the atmosphere and with the top and bottom of each'of said cylinders above and below the pistons therein, a rotary valve in said valve chamber for controlling said passages to effect the reciprocation of said ram piston by air from said'power cylinder, and passages controlled by valve mechanism for admitting compressed air from the power cylinder'to the cushioning chamber to facilitate the downward movement of the ram when the cushioning plug is in such chamber, for. releasing compressed airin the work cylinder above the rain piston when down, for admitting air to the top of the power cylinder above the power piston when up, and for breaking the vacuum in the power cylinder above the power piston when down. I

The characteristic construction and operation of our'improved hammer are fully disclosed in the following description andjthc accompanying drawings in illustration thereof.

In the drawings, Fig.1 is-a side elevation of a pneumatic hamnier'embodying our improvements; Fig. 1 is a sectional View of a bypass connected with the power cylinder; Fig. 1 is asectional view of a check valve for breaking the vacuum in the power cylinder; Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the top of the same; Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 3'-3 of Fig.

of Fig. 4 Fig."

4: Fig; 9 isa sectional view taken on the line 93f? of F 4, and F ,'l0. .is a vertical sectlonal view taken through the upperportron of the 'ram cylinder showing the relatmnbetween the cushioning chamber and the coacting check valve. 7 I

i The sections of the mainjv'alve shown in the drawings represent it in thefvising position.

' The hammer shown in the drawings comprises the housing 1 whlchicarries the power cylinder 2 containing the' power piston 8, the 'work cylinder 4: containing the work piston 5, and the guides 6 for the ram 7 which is connected by the rod 8 with the piston 5 and coacts'with the anvil base :9, the ram carrying the hammer blocklO and the base carrying the anvil block 11. The power piston 3is'connected by the pitman rod 12 witha crank shaft 13 which is jour nalled in the housing. 1 and carries the driving pulley ll and the idle pulley'15. h

The cylinder 4 has a chamber l" in its head and the piston 5 isprovidedjwith a plug 5' which actsin .this. chamber to cushion the upward stroke of the piston.

' A cylindrical valve seat 16, shown as a passage 2%. with the "bottom of the cylinder 1, theport '25 connected by ,the passage 2o with the atmosphere, the ports 27 and 28 connectedby the passage 29 with the atmos phere, and the port 30' connected Withthe; by-pass 31 controlled by the check valve 32.

seat 16 and rocked by means of a pinion 34, the pinion being rocked by means of a gear. segment 35 fulcrumed on an arbor 36 and having a substantially larger diameter than I of the cylinder 1,. 1 the ports 23, 23 and 23. connected by'thc,

y i A cylindrical valve 33 is journalled in the I the pinion. The segment 35 is oscillated and held by means of a lever 37, set by a dog 38 engaging an are 39, and by a rod 40 connecting the segment with a treadle 41.

' I The valve 33 is provided with the chamber 42 having the ports 43, 44, 45, and 46, revoluble in a plane intersecting the valve seat ports 17, 21 and 25, with the chamber 47 having the port 48 revoluble in a plane intersecting the port 21; with a chamber 49 having the ports 50, 51, 52 and 53 revoluble in a plane intersecting the ports 19, 23, 27 and 30, and a port 54 revoluble in a plane intersecting the ports 23 and 28, and with a chamber 55 having a port 56 revoluble in a plane intersecting the port 23"; the chambers 47 and 55 being connected by a passage 57.

The top of the chamber 4 is connected with the passage 22 by a passage 58 containing the check valve 59, for applying pressure in the chamber at the beginning of the down stroke of the piston 5 and sealing the chamber to eltect the cushioning action.

' The cylinder 2 is provided with a by-pass 60 containing a check valve 61 for neutralizing the pressure on top of the piston 3 when up and on top of the piston when down, and with a passage 62 containing a check valve 63 for breaking the vacuum in the cylinder 2 above the piston 3 when the latter is down. i

In operation, when the lever 37, on'the point N,is in the position shown in Fig. 1, the valve 33 is in the neutral position, when the passage 13 is connected with the atmosphere through the registering ports 17 and 43, the chamber 42, and the registering ports 46, 45, 25 and passage 26, the web between the ports 45 and 46 intersecting the port 25; and the passage 20 is connected with the atmosphere through the registering ports 19 and 50, the chamber '49 and the partly registering ports 53, 27 and 29, the piston 3 working in the cylinder 2 against atmospheric pressure. 7

l Vhen the lever is moved to the right, on the point V, the valve 33 is in the vising position, as illustrated in the valve sections. Now the upward stroke of the piston 3 forces air from the top of the cylinder 2 to the atmosphere through the passage 13, the registering ports 17 and 43, the chamber 42 and the registering ports 45, 25 and 26; and the downward stroke of this piston forces air from the bottom of its cylinder to the top of the cylinder 4 against the piston 5 in its bottom position, through the passage 20, the registering ports 19 and 50, the chamber 49, the registering ports 51 and 30, the bypass 31, the chamber 55, the passage 57, the chamber 47, the registering ports 48 and 21, and the passage 22.

When the lever is moved further to the right, on the point S, the valve 33 is in the suspending position. Now the upward stroke of the piston 3 forces air from the top of the cylinder 2 through the passage 18 and the registering ports 17 and 43 to the chamber 42, whence it is admitted to the top of the cylinder 4 through the registering ports 46 and 21 and the passage 22, with relief to the atmosphere through the registering ports 44, 25 and 26; and the downward stroke of this piston 3 in its cylinder forces air through the passage 20 and the registering ports 19 and 50 to the chamber 49, whence it flows through the registering ports 52. and 30, the by-pass 31, the chamber 55, the registering ports 56 and 23", and the passage 24 to the cylinder 4 below the piston 5 therein.

When the lever is moved further to the right, on the point 1*, the valve 33 is in the full blow position. Now the upward stroke of the piston forces air from the top of the cylinder 2 through the passage 18, the registering ports 17 and 43, the chamber 42, the registering ports 46 and 21 and the passage 22 to the top 01 the cylinder 4 upon the piston 5, the valve closing the port 25 to the atmosphere; and the downward stroke of the piston 3 itorces air from the bottom of the cylinder 2 through the passage 20, the registering ports 19 and 50, the chamber 49, the registering ports and 23, and the passage 24 to the bottom of the cylinder 4 below the piston 5, the valve closing the port 27 to the atmosphere.

Having described our invention, we claim:

1. In a fluid power hammer provided with an upright power cylinder having a piston therein and an upright work cylinder having a piston therein, mechanism comprising a rotary cylindrical valve and passages connecting the tops of the cylinders and the atmospl'iere and the bottoms of the cylinders simultaneously through the valve to hold the worlrpiston in suspending action.

2. In a fluid power hammer provided with an upright power cylinder having a piston therein and an upright work cylinder l1aving a piston therein, mechanism comprising a housing containing a rotary cylindrical valve between the cylinders, passages connecting the tops of the cylinders and the atmosphere and independent passages connecting the bottoms or" the cylinders simultaneously through the valve, to hold the work piston in suspending action, the valve having chambers connected with the bottoms of the respective cylinders, a passage connecting said chambers, and a check valve preventing reverse flow through said passage. I .5

3. In a fluid power hammer provided with a housing, an upright power cylinder with a piston therein and an upright work cylinder with a piston therein, mechanism comprising a journalled valve between the cylinders, passages connecting the tops of the cylinders and independent passages connecting the bottoms of the Cylinders simultaneously through the valve and a checkvalve for preventing reverse flow from the bottom of the work cylinder to the bottom oi the power cylinder.

4,. In a fluid power hammer provided with a'housing, an upright power cylinder with a piston therein, and an upright work cylinder with a piston therein, mechanism comprising a cylindrical valve seat disposed transversely in the housing between the cylinders, passages connecting the valve seat with the atmosphere and the ends of the cylinders respectively, and a cylindrical valve journalled in the seat, the valve having means for simultaneously closing communication from the power'cylinder to the bottom of the work cylinder and from the top of the power cylinder to the top of the work cylinder and opening communication from the top of thepower cylinder to the atmosphere and the bottom of the power cylinder to the top 01": the work cylinder.

5. In a fluid power hammer provided with a housing, an upright power cylinder with a piston therein, and anupright work cylinder with a piston therein, mechanism comprising a cylindrical valve seat disposed transversely in the housing between the cylinders, passages connecting the valve seat with the atmosphere and with the ends of the cylinders respectively and a cylindrical valve journalled in the seat, the valve having means for simultaneously closing communication from the power cylinder to the bottom of the work cylinder and from the top of the power cylinder to the top of the work cylinder and opening communication from the top of the power cylinder to the atmosphere, the bottom of the work cylinder to the atmosphere and the bottom of the power cylinder to the top of the work cylinder.

6. In a fluid power hammer provided with a housing, an upright power cylinder with a piston therein and an upright work cylinder with a piston therein, mechanism comprising a cylindrical valve seat disposed in the housing, passages connecting the valve seat with the atmosphere and with the ends of the cylinders respectively, a cylindrical valve journalled in the seat, a by-pass and a check valve in the by-pass, the cylindrical valve having means for simultaneously closing I communication from the power cylinder to the bottom of the work cylinder, opening communication from the bottom of the work cylinder to the atmosphere and opening communication from the power cylinder through the by-pass to the top of the work cylinder.

7. In a fluid power hammer provided with a housing, an upright power cylinder with a piston therein and an upright work cylinder with a piston therein, mechanism comprising a cylindrical valve seat disposed in the housing, passages connecting the valve seat with the atmosphere and with the ends of the cylinders respectively and acylindricalvalve journalled in the seat, the valve having means for simultaneously connecting the top of the power cylinder with the' top of the work cylinder and the atmosphere and the bottom of the power cylinder with Y the bottom of the work cvlinder.

8. In a fluid power hammer provided with a housing, an upright power cylinder with a piston therein. and an upright-work cylinderwith a piston therein, mechanism comprising a cylindrical valve seat, a by-pass, a check valve in the by-pass, passages connecting the valve seat with the atmosphere and the ends of the cylinders respectively, and a cylindrical valve journalled' in the seat,-the cylindrical valve having means for simultaneously connecting the top ofthepower cylinder with the atmosphere and the top of the work cylinder and the bottom of the power cylinderwith the bottom of the work cylinder through the by-pass:

- 9. In afluid power hammer provided witha housing, anvupright power cylinder with a piston therein and an upright work cylinder with a piston therein, mechanism comprising a cylindrical valve seat, passages connecting the valve seat with the atmosphere and the ends of the cylinders respectively, and a cylindrical valve journalled in the seat, the valve having means for simulplug adapted to enter the cushioning chamher, a valve seat, passages connecting the valve seat with the ends of the cylinders respectively, a valve movable in the seat to control the passages, a by-pass connecting the passage to the top of the work cylinder with the cushioning chamber, and a check valve in the by-pass second named for preventing reverse flow from the cushioning chamber through the by-pass.

11. In a fluid power hammer, the mechanism comprising a power cylinder, a power piston therein, a work cylinder having a cushioning chamber in the top thereof, a '1 work piston in the work cylinder and havmg a plug adapted to enter the chamber, a valve seat, passages connecting the valve seat with the respective ends of the cylinders, a valve movable in the seat to control the passages respectively, a by-pass connecting the passage to the top of the work cylinder with the cushioning chamber, and a check valve in the bypass for preventing reverse flow therethrough from the cushioning chamber.

12. In a fluid power hammer, the mechanism comprising a power cylinder, a power piston therein, a work cylinder, a work piston therein, a valve seat, passages connecting the valve seat with the atmosphere and therespective ends of the cylinder, a valve in the seat for controlling the passages, a by-pass connected with the power cylinder and a check valve therein for permitting the flow of fluid around. the power piston when the pistons are at the limits of their movements, and a passage connected with the power cylinder and a check valve therein for breaking the vacuum in the power cylinder.

13. In a fluid power hammer, the combination with a work cylinder and a power cylinder, of a valve containing a chamber having ports through which communication with the atmosphere and with ends of said cylinders may be established; a second chamber containing a port through which communication with an end of one of said cylinders may be established; a third chamber having ports through which communication'with the atmosphere and with ends of said cylinders may be established and a port through which communication with a fourth valve chamber may be established, said fourth chamber having a port through which communication may be established with the opposite end of the cylinder communicating with thesecond chamber, and a passage connecting the fourth and second chambers.

14. In a fluid power hammer, the combination with a work cylinder and a power cylinder; of a rotatable hollow cylindricalvalve having therein a plurality of diaphragms forming a plurality of chambers; passages connecting chambers aforesaid with said cylinders, and a bypass connecting several chambers of said valve.

Signed at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, this 9th day of October, 1919.

EDWARD J. FRITSCH. RALPH W. NAZEL. 

